Billid, I think before you start criticizing people too much who have studied ECU trading patterns for years from the long side, you might want some time studying the situation yourself. Of course proof is hard to come by and getting something investigated is even harder by the IMF or OSC but this doesn't mean it doesn't happen. I would suggest being a little more open about the possibilities like others have been about your reservations of manipulation. In my view the market is all about manipulation and tugs of war between many forces and all are not profit motivated all the time even if that is my ultimate motive. Then again I'm just a lowly retail investor who probably doesn't know better.