"Is there any chance that companies who may have paid only $1-2 million might have to pay that same amount yearly through the end of the IP life? Not exactly a royalty per unit settlement but a simple yearly payoff." I was thinking the exact same thing. For sure licensees do not want outsiders looking at their books. Also doubt TPL/PTSC wants to check the books of hundreds of licensees to see if royalty payments are accurate. Situation does not fit well into the normal royalty scheme. IMHO the licenses are granted for a set time period, afterwich they get renewed for a fixed $ amount assuming no significant change in the licensees product mix/volume. That's the way I would try to negotiate them.