Yes the J4 using non licensed chips of others in their products would in fact make their products infringing. That makes perfect sense. That these OEM`s happen to make chips is a whole different story altogether. Now if another infringing chip company licenses (whichever one is incorporated into their electronic product) then the J4 are not infringing with this product. Now your ``tree pruning`` analogy becomes clear. In essence we can go after OEM`s who are using unlicensed chips to produce electronic goods. The drawback here is if all chip companies license then OEM`s are covered and out of the question. If we sign everyone, I say ``let it be`` the chip companies themselves will be worth their weight in gold.

Thanks,

dot