6th
Principle
All men are created equal.
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The Founders wrote in the Declaration of Independence
that some truths are self-evident, and one of these is the fact
that all men are created equal.
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Yet everyone knows that no two human beings are
exactly alike in any respect. They are different when they are
born. They plainly exhibit different natural skills. They
acquire different tastes. They develop along different lines.
They vary in physical strength, mental capacity, emotional
stability, inherited social status, in their opportunities for
self-fulfillment, and in scores of other ways. Then how can
they be equal?
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The answer is, they can't, except in three ways. They can
only be TREATED as equals in the sight of God, in the sight
of the law, and in the protection of their rights. In these three
ways all men are created equal. It is the task of society, as it
is with God, to accept people in all their vast array of
individual differences, but treat them as equals when it
comes to their role as human beings. As members of society,
all persons should have their equality guaranteed in two
areas.
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Constitutional writer Clarence Carson describes them:
"First, there is equality before the law. This means
that every man's case is tried by the same law governing
any particular case. Practically, it means that there are
no different laws for different classes and orders of men
[as there were in ancient times]. The definition of
premeditated murder is the same for the millionaire as
for the tramp. A corollary of this is that no classes are
created or recognized by law.
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"Second, the Declaration refers to an equality of
rights.... Each man is equally entitled to his life with
every other man; each man has an equal title to Godgiven
liberties along with every other."
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Adams wrote:
"That all men are born to equal rights is true. Every
being has a right to his own, as clear, as moral, as
sacred, as any other being has.... But to teach that all
men are born with equal powers and faculties, to equal
influence in society, to equal property and advantages
through life, is as gross a fraud, as glaring an imposition
on the credulity of the people, as ever was practiced by
monks, by Druids, by Brahmins, by priests of the
immortal Lama, or by the self-styled philosophers of the
French Revolution."
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What It Means to Have Equal "Rights"
The goal of society is to provide "equal justice," which
means protecting the rights of the people equally:
At the bar of justice, to secure their rights.
At the ballot box, to vote for the candidate of their
choice. At the public school, to obtain their education.
At the employment office, to compete for a job,
At the real estate agency, to purchase or rent a home.
At the pulpit, to enjoy freedom of religion.
At the podium, to enjoy freedom of speech.
At the microphone or before the TV camera, to present
views on the issues of the day.
At the meeting hall, to peaceably assemble.
At the print shop, to enjoy freedom of the press.
At the store, to buy the essentials or desirable things of
life.
At the bank, to save and prosper.
At the tax collector's office, to pay no more than their
fair share.
At the probate court, to pass on to their heirs the fruits
of life's labors.
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Constitutional Amendments
to Insure Equal Rights
After the Constitution was adopted in 1789, Americans
added four amendments to make certain that everyone,
including racial minorities, could enjoy equal rights. These
amendments are as follows:
The Thirteenth Amendment to provide universal
freedom.
The Fourteenth Amendment to provide universal rights
of citizenship.
The Fifteenth and the Nineteenth Amendments to
provide universal voting rights regardless of race, color, or
sex.
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The Founders distinguished between equal rights and
other areas where equality is impossible. They recognized
that society should seek to provide equal opportunity but not
expect equal results; provide equal freedom but not expect
equal capacity; provide equal rights but not equal
possessions; provide equal protection but not equal status;
provide equal educational opportunities but not equal
grades.
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They knew that even if governmental compulsion were
used to force its citizens to appear equal in material
circumstances, they would immediately become unequal the
instant their freedom was restored to them.
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Nevertheless, there are some who insist that people do
not have equal rights unless they have "equal things." The
Founding Fathers were well acquainted with this proposition
and set forth their belief concerning it in the next principle.