Hi Jello!
The Northern Miner puts out a handbook called "Mining Explained" that is a good general reference. However, I would recommend you buy a geological terms dictionary, and then start reading all the technical reports you can find. They will use many terms that are difficult to understand but you can usually get a good idea of what is going on if you look up the meaning in the dictionary. Most geos are happy to 'dumb it down' if you call them to ask questions.
cheers!
mike