Romidepsin is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase, approved in the US in 2009 for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) or/and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in patients who have received at least one prior systemic therapy. These indications are based on response rate. Clinical benefit such as improvement in overall survival has not been demonstrated.

Silmitasertib (INN), codenamed CX-4945, is a small-molecule inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase II), a constitutively active serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is overexpressed in several types of tumors.

Silmitasertib is in clinical trials for use as an adjunct to chemotherapy in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer), and in preclinical development for other cancers, including hematological and lymphoid malignancies.[1]

In January 2017, it was granted orphan drug status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced cholangiocarcinoma. It is being developed by Senhwa Biosciences of Taiwan

Azacitidine, marketed as Vidaza, is used mainly in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, for which it received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 19, 2004