Cross listing of one company on multiple exchanges should not be confused with dual listed companies, where two distinct companies - with separate stocks listed on different exchanges - function as one company.
Cross listing of shares is when a firm lists its equity shares on one or more foreign stock exchange in addition to its domestic exchange. Examples include: American Deposit Receipt (ADR), European Depositary Receipt (EDR), International Depositary Receipt (IDR) and Global Registered Shares (GRS).
Generally such a company's primary listing is on a stock exchange in its country of incorporation, and its secondary listing(s) is on an exchange in another country. Cross-listing is especially common for companies that started out in a small market but grew into a larger market. For example, numerous large Canadian companies are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ as well as the Toronto Stock Exchange. The term can also be used to refer to the listing of a company on more than one stock exchange in the same country: as an example, there are a handful of companies in the United States that are listed on both the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ. Some organizations, such as Liberty Media, have multiple listings reflecting different underlying assets, called tracking stocks.
See next msg regarding depositary receipts.
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