Undervalued stock

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An undervalued stock is defined as a stock that is selling at a price significantly below its intrinsic value (finance). For example, if a stock is selling for $50, but can be determined to be worth $100 based on predictable future cash flows, then it is an undervalued stock.

Numerous popular books discuss undervalued stocks. Examples are The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham, also known as "The Dean of Wall Street," and The Warren Buffett Way by Robert Hagstrom.

The Intelligent Investor puts forth Graham's principles that are based on mathematical calculations such as the price/earning ratio. He was less concerned with the qualitative aspects of a business such as the nature of a business and its management. Graham's ideas had a significant influence on the young Warren Buffett, who later became a famous US billionaire.

Warren Buffett, also known as "The Oracle of Omaha," stated that the value of a business is the sum of the cash flows over the life of the business discounted at an appropriate interest rate.[1] This is in reference to the ideas of John Burr Williams. Therefore, one would not be able to predict whether a stock is undervalued without predicting the future profits of a company and future interest rates. Buffett stated that he is interested in predicable businesses and he uses the interest rate on the 10-year treasury bond in his calculations.

Therefore, an investor has to be fairly certain that a company will be profitable in the future in order to consider it to be undervalued. For example, if a risky stock has a PE ratio of 5 and the company becomes bankrupt, this would not be an undervalued stock.

Some qualities of companies with undervalued stocks are:

1. The company's earning history is stable.

2. The company does not specialize in high-technology that can become obsolete overnight.

3. The company is not in the middle of some financial scandal.

4. The company's low PE ratio is not due to profits realized from capital gains.

5. The company's low PE ratio is not due to a major decline in profitability.

A excellent stock at a fair price is more likely to be undervalued than to a poor stock at a cheap price. An excellent stock continues to rise in value over the long term, while a poor stock declines in value.

An undervalued stock will usually have a low PE ratio. For example, a PE ratio of 10 is much better than a PE ratio of 20. Some high-flying Internet stocks had a PE ratio of 30, 40, 50 or more in year 2000. Investors of these Internet stocks did not purchase undervalued stocks.