"One aspect of many of the inflammatory diseases is that the mitochondria undergo 'metablic reprogramming' and switch to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis under non-hypoxic conditions."

Not sure I follow. Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose and other glycolytic intermediates to pyruvate. It occurs entirely in the cytosol, not the mitochondria. Gluconeogenesis is essentially the reverse pathway of glycolysis that takes pyruvate and other glycolytic intermediates and converts them back to glucose. Your statement implies cells are switching to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis from what? Also, since glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are pathways that go in opposite directions, your statement doesn't make sense to me. Can you please explain what you mean?

With the exception of pyruvate conversion to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase in the mitochondria, gluconeogenesis occurs in the cytosol. Not all gluconeogenesis relies on pyruvate conversion to oxaloacetate. And glycolysis is all in the cytosol. So how is the mitochondria switching to something it can't do?

BearDownAZ